Basic Islamic pharases :)

Assalamu ‘Alaikum
when you meet a muslim
Translation: Peace be upon you

Wa’alaikum Assalam
a Muslim greets you
Translation: And peace be upon you

Assalamu ‘alaikum wa rahmatullahi wa barakatuh 
formal and great greeting to a Muslim
Translation: May the peace, mercy, and blessings of Allah be upon you

Wa’alaikum assalam wa rahmatullahi wa barakatuh 
a Muslim greets you
Translation: And peace and mercy and blessings of Allah be upon you

Hiyyak Allah 
When greeting someone after Salaams
Translation: May Allah greet you (lit. May Allah preserve your life)

Bismillah arRahman arRahim 
before making a beginning
Translation: In the name of Allah, most Gracious most Merciful

Jazak Allah Khairan
for expression of thanks
Translation: May Allah reward you with blessings
(Reply: Wa iyak(i), wa iyakum; Trans. And you)

BarakAllahu feekum or Allah baraka feek(i) 
responding to someone’s thanks/ a way of expressing thanks
Translation: May Allah bless you
(Reply: Wa feek(i), Wa feekum; Trans.: And you)

Fi Amanillah 
by way of saying good-bye
Translation: May Allah protect you

Subhanallah 
for praising something
Translation: Glory be to Allah

Insha Allah 
for expressing a desire to do something
Translation: If Allah wills/Through Allah’s will

Astaghfirullah 
Repenting for sins before Allah
I beg Allah for forgiveness

Masha Allah 
for expressing appreciation of something good
Translation: As Allah has willed/Praise be to Allah

Alhamdulillah 
for showing gratitude to Allah after success or even after completing anything
Translation: Thanks be to Allah

Ameen 
the end of a Dua or prayer
Translation: May it be so

Sallahu ‘alayhi wa salaam
whenever say the name of Prophet Muhammad
Translation: Peace be upon him (S.A.W.)

‘Alayhi salaam
whenever say the name of a prophet
Translation: Peace be upon him (A.S.)

Radi Allah ‘Anhu 
whenever say name of male companion of the Prophet (Sahabi)
Translation: May Allah be pleased with him (R.A.)

Radi Allah ‘Anha 
whenever say name of female companion of the Prophet
Translation: May Allah be pleased with her (R.A.)

Radi Allah ‘Anhum
Plural form of saying companions of the Prophet
Translation: May Allah be pleased with them (R.A.)

Innaa lillaahi wa innaa ilayhi raaji’oon 
this is uttered as an expression upon hearing the news of some loss or some one’s death
Translation: To Allah we belong and to Him is our return

aathama allahu ajrakom 
uttered to family of deceased
Translation: may Allah make your ajer (reward) great

Shakar Allahu Sa’yikum 
uttered to people who attend aaza – when friends go to send condolences upon death of a person
Translation: May Allah accept that your effort

La hawla wala quwata illah billah 
during the time of troubles
Translation: There is no strength nor power except Allah

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A few more:

Tawakkal-tu-’ala-Allah- I have put my trust in Allah-rely on Allah solving a problem

Tawkkalna-’ala-Allah – we have put our trust in Allah – waiting for a problem to be solved

Rahimahullah – Allah have Mercy on him – you see someone in distress

Na’uzhu-bi-Allah - we seek refuge in Allah – showing your dislike

Fi sabeel illah – in/for Allah’s cause/way – you give charity/help people

Ittaqillah-fear Allah- you see someone doing a bad deed

Hayyak Allah - Allah maintain your life – you greet someone

Hasbi Allah – Allah will suffice me – you are in a difficult situation

Azhak Allah sinnaka - May Allah keep you cheerful – you seek another Muslim with cheerful countenance

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let's use these Islamic phrases and terms in our daily life :D